Fertility Preservation is the process of saving or protecting eggs, sperm or embryos through freezing in the lab, until the desired time to have a child. In the future, these frozen reproductive tissues are used to have biological children by assisted reproduction methods.
Eggs, sperms or embryos are preserved through Freezing or Cryopreservation.
When one feels ready for pregnancy, the preserved frozen eggs, sperms and embryos are thawed and then used for fertilisation through IUI / IVF / ICSI procedures.
Preserving eggs, sperms or embryos can be a difficult decision to make for some people. However, it truly is a viable mean to preserve fertility and have a biological child. Moreover, the frozen eggs, sperms or embryos can be donated to the ones who are struggling to conceive
Sperm Freezing or Sperm Cryopreservation is a process of storing sperms in a frozen state for future use.
READ MOREOncofertility describes a medical field that connects the characteristics of oncology and reproductive endocrinology with the aim of enhancing the reproductive ability of cancer patients and survivors. Cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiation and surgery may damage / diminish or even destroy a person’s ability to have children in the future.
In women, these cancer therapies can lead to ovarian damage that may result in early menopause, genetically damaged eggs, ovarian failure or other reproductive issues.
In men, these cancer therapies can destroy the testes that are involved with sperm production and testosterone secretion.
As cancer treatments progress and survival maximizes, fertility preservation opportunities in women, men and children become a growing crucial topic. Nowadays, various treatment options exist to enhance survivors’ future fertility capability and the ability to reproduce. Consultation with fertility experts / reproductive endocrinologists should be done as soon as possible after cancer is diagnosed and ideally before the chemotherapy and radiation has started.
Due to the high fluidity of the sperm membrane and less water content, sperms are less prone to any damage during the process. Also, freezing reduces the risk of morphological changes, cross-contamination and microbial contamination in sperm samples.
Some of the sperms are killed during the process, but many usually survive and can be used successfully even after being stored for several years.
Sperm preservation is recommended for the men who have
- spermiograms reveal fluctuations or a limited number of sperms in ejaculation.
- sterility or developed a pathological condition that will eventually render them sterility.
- to undergo treatment that could affect their fertility such as cancer therapies, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
- exposures to high temperature, radiation etc.
- to undergo prostate or testicular surgery.
- to undergo a vasectomy but want to keep an option open.
- careers in sports
- low sperm profiles and need sperms that are available during IVF treatment and subsequent cycles.
Sperms are preserved through cryopreservation method. Know how…
AS GOOD AS NATURAL CONCEPTION!
The freezing does not affect the quality of the sperm in any way, and the sperm can be successfully used for artificial insemination with the same degree of success as with freshly collected by ejaculation.
There is no risk of birth defects for babies born by IVF procedure using frozen eggs. Preserved eggs ensure a healthy pregnancy and reduce the concerns about chromosomal abnormalities, which otherwise increase with age, especially when women are 35 or older.
Egg preservation is recommended for the women who have:
- to undergo treatment that could affect her fertility such as cancer therapies, chemotherapy or radiation
- planned to delay in pregnancy (social egg freezing)
- planned for second pregnancy and had conceived first time through IVF (She can choose to preserve the remaining harvested eggs during her first IVF for future use)
- increased risk of premature ovarian failure and early menopause
- a career in Sports, Military etc.
- high and long exposure pesticides / radiation
- been suffering from chronic cysts, early onset of / chronic Endometriosis
- not yet decided their partners and have an advanced age
Eggs are preserved through cryopreservation method. Know how…
PRETTY GOOD!
IVF with frozen eggs shares the equal measures of success with fresh egg IVF. The chance of successful child birth can be estimated by age:
< 38 years - about 60% chance of child birth per 20 eggs vitrified
38 - 40 years - about 50% chance of child birth per 30 eggs vitrified
Under 30 - too young to worry
Between 31 ‘n’ 36 - start thinking of egg preservation
over 36 - don’t think. take action
Embryo Freezing or Embryo Cryopreservation is the process of freezing and storing leftover embryos of an IVF cycle for future use. If the IVF process fails, embryo cryopreservation provides a woman another chance to conceive through Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET), without repeating another ovarian stimulation and retrieval cycle. So there is no need to repeat the whole IVF cycle.
Embryo freezing also helps to preserve the fertility of women who are not yet ready for second childbearing.
Frozen embryos can also be donated to infertile couples.
Unused frozen embryos can be donated for research also (upon approval from the couple).
Thousands of babies have been born from frozen and thawed embryos all over the world. Some babies were born even from embryos that have been stored for over 10 years. And research has conclusively proven that freezing and thawing the embryos does not harm the baby in any way.
- Couples who are undergoing IVF could consider freezing extra embryos as it gives them another chance to get pregnant if the IVF fails the first time or the opportunity to have a second baby, through Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET), without repeating another ovarian stimulation and retrieval cycle.
- Embryo freezing is most often recommended to couples where one partner requires treatment that could impair fertility.
Embryos are preserved through cryopreservation method. Know how…
AS HIGH AS WITH FRESH ONE!
Pregnancy rates with frozen embryos are almost as high as the success rates with fresh embryos. Frozen embryo survival rate is almost 95%.
Possibilities of becoming pregnant with a frozen embryo after thawing are excellent and are not dependent on the duration of freezing.
Egg Banking
Woman’s eggs are preserved for future use; for the time she decides for childbearing. Hormonal stimulation of the ovaries leads to the stimulation of various eggs that can be collected by ultrasound-guided technique and frozen for future use. This whole procedure may take upto 2 - 4 weeks to be completed.
Embryo Banking
The healthy embryos are preserved for implantation in future. Hormonal stimulation of the ovaries leads to development of the various eggs that can be retrieved and fertilised instantly with her partner’s sperm to form embryos, which are then preserved for later use. This process too may need 2 - 4 weeks to finish.
Gonadotropin Agonist
Injections will chemically down control the ovaries and reduce their functioning before taking the chemotherapy. The principal is that ovaries with reduced metabolic functioning will face lesser damaging effects from the chemotherapy.
Sheltering
The pelvic and genital section is protected with a lead apron during radiation therapy to decline the damaging effects of ionising radiation on the testes and ovaries.
Ovarian Transposition
Ovaries are physically moved out of the pelvis through operational methods in situations where pelvic radiation is needed to reduce the harmful effects of ionising radiation on the ovaries.
Tissue Banking
Ovarian cortex is operationally separated and frozen. This tissue can be implanted back into the body in future and can be stimulated hormonally to develop eggs.
Sperm Banking
Sperm is preserved to be used in future. Various semen samples can be taken and frozen within the duration of several days.
Testicular Sperm Extraction
It is a trivial operational process where sperm is collected directly from the testes or epididymis, which can be frozen to use in future. This is only needed when there is zero sperm count in the ejaculation.
Tissue Banking
Testicular tissue is operationally separated and frozen. This tissue can be implanted back into the body in future and can be stimulated hormonally to develop sperm.
Gonadotropin Agonist
Injections will chemically down control the testes and reduce their functioning before taking the chemotherapy. The principal is that testes with reduced metabolic functioning will face lesser damaging effects from the chemotherapy.