Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), a form of Artificial Insemination, is the process of placing an optimal sperm sample directly into the uterine cavity, through the cervix, at the time when the woman is most fertile.
Normally, the sperms swim through the female reproductive organs (cervix, uterus and fallopian tube) to reach the egg(s). Once the sperm fuses with the egg, an embryo develops and grows into a foetus - this is pregnancy. The goal of IUI technique is to enable conception by directing sperms to the right place at the right time. If sperms are placed in higher numbers closer to the egg(s), that eases sperm’s journey to the fallopian tubes and subsequently increases the chances of fertilisation.
It can be performed with the male partner’s sperm as well as a donor’s sperm. It is known as ‘Donor Insemination’ for the latter one.
IUI is generally recommended for the couples who have:
Apart from mild pain and spotting on the day of an IUI, there are no major complications.
Around 5% - 10% of the patients may have multiple (generally twin) pregnancies. Sometimes, a patient may respond excessively to medications and produce more eggs, putting her at risk for multiple pregnancies and the condition called Ovarian Hyper Stimulation Syndrome (OHSS). If there is a risk of this occurring, your doctor will advise you accordingly and the cycle may be cancelled or converted to an IVF cycle.The risk of multiple pregnancies increases with the number of mature follicles that are seen on ultrasound examination of the ovaries. When many mature follicles develop, the decision can be taken together with the doctor to not give the injection that causes ovulation. This may eliminate the chance of any pregnancy (single or multiple) occurring in that cycle.
There is less than a 1% chance of pelvic infection with IUI.